5-磁盘配额
2016.6.13
以支持配额功能等的方式挂载文件系统
除了内核和quota软件的支持以外，实施磁盘配额功能还有一个前提条件，即指定的分区必须已经挂载且支持磁盘配额功能。
前期的准备：
[root@test1 mail_store]# mount /dev/mail_store/mbox /mailbox/
[root@test1 mail_store]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)
/dev/sde1 on /home type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox on /mailbox type ext4 (rw)
[root@test1 mail_store]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root ext4 35G 13G 21G 39% /
tmpfs tmpfs 932M 0 932M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 485M 40M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /mnt
/dev/sde1 ext4 20G 175M 19G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox ext4 25G 172M 24G 1% /mailbox
[root@test1 mail_store]#
支持配额前后的对比：
[root@test1 mail_store]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /dev/mail_store/mbox /mailbox
[root@test1 mail_store]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)
/dev/sde1 on /home type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox on /mailbox type ext4 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
[root@test1 mail_store]#
检测磁盘配额并生成配额文件
命令：quotacheck
[root@test1 mail_store]# quotacheck -augcv
quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quota to avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown.
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox [/mailbox] done
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file /mailbox/aquota.user: No such file or directory. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file /mailbox/aquota.group: No such file or directory. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file /mailbox/aquota.user: No such file or directory. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file /mailbox/aquota.group: No such file or directory. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Checked 2 directories and 0 files
quotacheck: Old file not found.
quotacheck: Old file not found.
[root@test1 mail_store]#
- -a:表示扫描所有分区
- -u:表示检测用户的配额信息
- -g:表示检测组配额信息
- -c:表示创建新的配额文件
- -v:表示显示命令执行过程中的细节信息
未使用“-a”选项时，必须制定一个分区（设备文件或挂载点目录）作为命令参数。
查看生成的配额文件
[root@test1 mail_store]# ls -l /mailbox/aquota.*
-rw------- 1 root root 6144 Jun 15 09:43 /mailbox/aquota.group
-rw------- 1 root root 6144 Jun 15 09:43 /mailbox/aquota.user
[root@test1 mail_store]#
编辑用户和组账号的配额设置
命令：edquota
对用户jason的配额进行编辑
[root@test1 mail_store]# edquota -u kylin
edquota: user kylin does not exist.
[root@test1 mail_store]# edquota -u jason
Disk quotas for user jason (uid 502):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox 0 0 0 0 0 0
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"/tmp//EdP.amY0XqE" 3L, 219C
- Filesystem：表示本行配置记录对应的文件系统（分区），即配额的作用方位
- blocks：表示用户当前已经使用的磁盘容量，默认单位为KB，该数值由edquota程序自动计算，无需修改
- inodes：表示用户当前已经拥有的文件数量（即占用i节点的个数），该数值也是由edquota程序自动计算的
- soft：第三列中的soft对应为磁盘容量的软限制数值，默认单位为KB；第六列中的soft对应为文件数量的软限制数值，默认单位为个。
- hard：第4列中的hard对应为磁盘容量的硬限制数值，默认单位为KB；第7列中的hard对应为文件数量的硬限制数值，默认单位为个
在/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox中给jason分配配额：
[root@test1 mail_store]# edquota -u jason
Disk quotas for user jason (uid 502):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox 0 80000 100000 0 40 50
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:wq
从/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox中给users 组分配配额：
[root@test1 mail_store]# edquota -g users
Disk quotas for group users (gid 100):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox 252 0 10240000 39 0 0
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:wq
给users分配出现问题：
[root@test1 mail_store]# edquota -g users
edquota: WARNING - /dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox: cannot change current block allocation
edquota: WARNING - /dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox: cannot change current inode allocation
[root@test1 mail_store]# chmod 777 /mailbox/
[root@test1 mail_store]# edquota -g users
edquota: WARNING - /dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox: cannot change current block allocation
edquota: WARNING - /dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox: cannot change current inode allocation
[root@test1 mail_store]#
修改宽限期：
[root@test1 ~]# edquota -t
Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users:
Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds
Filesystem Block grace period Inode grace period
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox 3days 3days
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:wq
启动文件系统的磁盘配额功能
命令：quotaon
启动/mailbox：
[root@test1 ~]# quotaon -ugv /mailbox/
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox [/mailbox]: group quotas turned on
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox [/mailbox]: user quotas turned on
[root@test1 ~]#
验证磁盘配额功能
[root@test1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mailbox/ddtest.data bs=1M count=4
4+0 records in
4+0 records out
4194304 bytes (4.2 MB) copied, 0.00362501 s, 1.2 GB/s
[root@test1 ~]# ls -lh /mailbox/ddtest.data
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M Jun 15 10:05 /mailbox/ddtest.data
[root@test1 ~]#
以jason用户来进行测试：
[jason@test1 root]$ cd /mailbox/
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=myfile bs =1M count=60
dd: unrecognized operand `bs'
Try `dd --help' for more information.
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=myfile bs=1M count=60
60+0 records in
60+0 records out
62914560 bytes (63 MB) copied, 0.184167 s, 342 MB/s
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ ls -lh myfile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jason jason 60M Jun 15 10:08 myfile
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=myfile bs=1M count=90
dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
90+0 records in
90+0 records out
94371840 bytes (94 MB) copied, 0.236257 s, 399 MB/s
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ ls -lh myfile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jason jason 90M Jun 15 10:09 myfile
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=myfile bs=1M count=120
dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
dm-2: write failed, user block limit reached.
dd: writing `myfile': Disk quota exceeded
98+0 records in
97+0 records out
102400000 bytes (102 MB) copied, 0.173761 s, 589 MB/s
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ ls -lh myfile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jason jason 98M Jun 15 10:09 myfile
[jason@test1 mailbox]$
查看用户或分区的配额使用情况
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ quota -u jason
Disk quotas for user jason (uid 502):
Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox
100000* 80000 100000 2days 1 40 50
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ quota -g users
quota: users (gid 100): Permission denied
[jason@test1 mailbox]$ su
Password:
[root@test1 mailbox]# quota -g users
Disk quotas for group users (gid 100): none
[root@test1 mailbox]#
repquota 可以直接查看/mailbox文件系统的配额使用情况。
[root@test1 mailbox]# repquota /mailbox/
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/mapper/mail_store-mbox
Block grace time: 3days; Inode grace time: 3days
Block limits File limits
User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace
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root -- 4116 0 0 3 0 0
jason +- 100000 80000 100000 2days 1 40 50
[root@test1 mailbox]#