2-挂载、卸载文件系统

2016.6.14

mount和umount

mount命令：挂载文件系统、ISO镜像
- mount [-t类型] 存储设备挂载点目录
- mount -o loop ISO镜像文件挂载点目录
umount命令：卸载已挂载的文件系统
- umount 存储设备位置
- umount 挂载点目录
示例
- 建立挂载点目录：/mailbox
- 挂载分区设备：/dev/sdb1
- 访问分区设备：
- 挂载点目录/mailbox中创建文件进行测试
- 查看/mailbox目录中的内容
- 查看磁盘挂载情况（mount）
- 卸载分区设备：/dev/sdb1

创建目录：

[root@test1 jason]# mkdir /mailbox
[root@test1 jason]# ls
learn
[root@test1 jason]# cd /
[root@test1 /]# ls
bin   cloud  etc      home       lib    lost+found  media  mnt  opt   root  selinux  sys  usr
boot  dev    ftphome  lalala.oo  lib64  mailbox     misc   net  proc  sbin  srv      tmp  var
[root@test1 /]#
```bash

挂载前的查看：
```bash
[root@test1 /]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
[root@test1 /]#

执行挂载，并查看挂载后的状态：

[root@test1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mailbox/
[root@test1 /]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/sdb1 on /mailbox type ext4 (rw)   //新挂载的
[root@test1 /]#

第一种卸载方式：umount /dev/sdb1

[root@test1 /]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@test1 /]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
[root@test1 /]#

重新挂载，用第二种方式来卸载：

[root@test1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mailbox/
[root@test1 /]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/sdb1 on /mailbox type ext4 (rw)
[root@test1 /]# umount /mailbox/
[root@test1 /]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
[root@test1 /]#

[root@test1 /]# cd mailbox/
[root@test1 mailbox]# ls

lost+found

解释：独立地分区都会有lost+found这个文件夹

before mount：

[root@test1 mailbox]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/sdb1 on /mailbox type ext4 (rw)

mount：

[root@test1 mailbox]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

after mount：
```bash
[root@test1 mailbox]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/sdb1 on /mailbox type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)
[root@test1 mailbox]#

[root@test1 mailbox]# cd
[root@test1 ~]# ls -l /dev/sr0 /dev/cdrom /dev/dvd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      3 Jun 14 09:13 /dev/cdrom -> sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      3 Jun 14 09:13 /dev/dvd -> sr0
brw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Jun 14 09:13 /dev/sr0
[root@test1 ~]#

这就是为什么每次挂载光驱的时候提示的都是/dev/sr0，因为cdrom是一个链接

卸载及查看：

[root@test1 ~]# umount /dev/sr0
[root@test1 ~]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
/dev/sdb1 on /mailbox type ext4 (rw)
[root@test1 ~]#

设置文件系统的自动挂载

/etc/fstab配置文件
- 包含需要开机后自动挂载的文件系统记录
- 第一字段：设备名或设备卷标名
- 第二字段：文件系统的挂载点目录的位置
- 第三字段：文件系统类型，如EXT4，Swap等。
- 第四字段：挂载参数，及mount命令“-o”选项后可使用的参数。例如，defaults、rw、ro、noexec分别表示默认参数、可写、只读、禁用执行程序。
- 第五字段：表示文件系统是否需要dump备份（dump是一个备份工具）。一般设为1时表示需要，设为0时被dump所忽略。
- 第六字段：该数字用于决定在系统启动时进行磁盘检查的顺序，0表示不进行检查，1表示优先检查，2表示其次检查。对于根分区设为1，其他分区设为2.

截图：

实例：每次重新开机后，能够自动完成挂载
- 将/dev/sdb1分区挂载到/mailbox目录

修改/etc/fstab配置文件：

[root@test1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue May 24 00:02:03 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=a844ed1c-d5cf-4898-90f7-e9f040f4426e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/sr0        /mnt    iso9660 0 0
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/fstab" 16L, 803C

测试：

[root@test1 ~]# reboot

Broadcast message from jason@test1
    (/dev/pts/0) at 10:35 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@test1 ~]#

失败：

[root@test1 jason]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
[root@test1 jason]# cd /mnt
[root@test1 mnt]# ls
benets2  hgfs  inittab  test

[root@test1 mnt]# vi /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue May 24 00:02:03 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=a844ed1c-d5cf-4898-90f7-e9f040f4426e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/sr0        /mnt    iso9660 defaults 0 0
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
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~
~
:wq

再次重启（略）再测试：

[root@test1 jason]# mount
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
[root@test1 jason]# cd /mnt
[root@test1 mnt]# ls
CentOS_BuildTag  images                    repodata                       RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
EFI              isolinux                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6           TRANS.TBL
EULA             Packages                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
GPL              RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
[root@test1 mnt]#

成功

总结：原因是上面少写了了一个defaults

2-挂载、卸载文件系统

2-挂载、卸载文件系统

mount和umount

设置文件系统的自动挂载

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