4-规划硬盘分区案例
2016.6.11
案例：规划硬盘中的分区
- 为主机新增一块80GB的SCSI硬盘
- 对该硬盘进行分区
- 划分2个主分区，各20GB，剩余空间为扩展分区
- 在扩展分区中建立2个逻辑分区，容量分别为2GB、10GB
- 将第1个逻辑分区的类型改为swap
- 确认分区设置情况，并保存退出
- 使用partprobe探测硬盘分区的变化
实际操作
为主机新增一块80GB的SCSI硬盘
对该硬盘进行分区
- 划分2个主分区，各20GB，剩余空间为扩展分区
- 在扩展分区中建立2个逻辑分区，容量分别为2GB、10GB
- 将第1个逻辑分区的类型改为swap
- 确认分区设置情况，并保存退出
对sdb分区前的状态：
[root@test2 jason]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4c263c8b.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4c263c8b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): q
建立2个主分区
[root@test2 jason]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa8f24694.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-10443, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-10443, default 10443): +20G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (2613-10443, default 2613):
Using default value 2613
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2613-10443, default 10443): +20G
建立两个新分区之后，查看sdb的信息：
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa8f24694
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2612 20980858+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2613 5224 20980890 83 Linux
将剩下的分区全部分给逻辑分区，并查看sdb的信息：
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (5225-10443, default 5225):
Using default value 5225
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5225-10443, default 10443):
Using default value 10443
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa8f24694
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2612 20980858+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2613 5224 20980890 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 5225 10443 41921617+ 5 Extended
创建两个逻辑分区，并查看创建后的变化：
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (5225-10443, default 5225):
Using default value 5225
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5225-10443, default 10443): +2G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (5487-10443, default 5487):
Using default value 5487
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5487-10443, default 10443): +10G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa8f24694
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2612 20980858+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2613 5224 20980890 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 5225 10443 41921617+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 5225 5486 2104483+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 5487 6792 10490413+ 83 Linux
将第1个逻辑分区的类型改为swap
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 5 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa8f24694
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2612 20980858+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2613 5224 20980890 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 5225 10443 41921617+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 5225 5486 2104483+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdb6 5487 6792 10490413+ 83 Linux
保存分区配置并退出：
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
测试，使用tab键能看到sdb的信息
[root@test2 jason]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb5 sdb6
[root@test2 jason]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb5 sdb6
再次查看分区后的sdb信息：
[root@test2 jason]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa8f24694
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2612 20980858+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2613 5224 20980890 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 5225 10443 41921617+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 5225 5486 2104483+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdb6 5487 6792 10490413+ 83 Linux
使用partprobe探测硬盘分区的变化
[root@test2 jason]# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@test2 jason]# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@test2 jason]# partprobe /dev/sdb
当使用tab没有效果的时候，可以尝试enter键，然后再tab。
另一种测试的方法，按enter的显示：
[root@test2 jason]# partx -a /dev/sdb
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6
[root@test2 jason]# partx -a /dev/sdb
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 6
[root@test2 jason]#
按Tab键：
[root@test2 jason]# partx -a /dev/sdb
sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb5 sdb6
[root@test2 jason]# partx -a /dev/sdb
sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb5 sdb6
如果这两个都无法实现的话，可以重启。
将sdb5格式化成swap：
[root@test2 jason]# mkswap /dev/sdb5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2104476 KiB
no label, UUID=82055c34-a896-4d88-854c-cad22f6a08d4
[root@test2 jason]#
激活sb5：
[root@test2 jason]# swapon /dev/sdb5
查看系统当中的交换分区信息：
[root@test2 jason]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097144 0 -1
/dev/sdb5 partition 2104472 0 -2
[root@test2 jason]#
关闭以及查看swap：
[root@test2 jason]# swapoff /dev/sdb5
[root@test2 jason]#
[root@test2 jason]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097144 0 -1
[root@test2 jason]#