1-5 vi文本编辑器

2016.6.2


一、三种工作模式概述

1.文本编辑器的作用

  • 创建或修改文本文件

  • 维护Linux系统中的各种配置文件

2.Linux中最常用的文本编辑器

  • vi：类Unix系统中的默认的文本编辑器

  • vim：vi编辑器的增强版本，习惯上也成为vi

3.三种工作模式

  • 命令行模式

  • 输入模式

  • 末行模式


vi-3-modes



二、命令模式的常用操作

1.光标移动

操作类型 操作键 功能
方向移动 ↑、↓、←、→ 上、下、左、右
翻页 Page Down或Ctrl + F 向下翻动一整页内容
Page Up或Ctrl + B 向上翻动一整夜内容
行内快速跳转 Home键或“^”,数字“0” 跳转至行首
End键或“$"键——跳转至行尾 跳转至行尾
行间快速跳转 1G 或者gg 跳转至文件的首行
G 跳转到文件的末尾行
#G 跳转到文件的第#号

2.复制、粘贴、删除：

删除

  • x或Del——删除光标处的单个字符

  • dd——删除当前光标所在行

  • #dd——删除光标所在开始的#行内容

  • d^——删除光标之前到行首的所有字符

  • d$——删除当前光标处到行尾的所有字符

复制

  • yy——复制当前行整行的内容到剪贴板

  • #yy——复制从光标所在行开始的#行内容

粘贴

  • p——将缓冲区中的内容粘贴到光标位置处之后

  • P——粘贴到光标位置之后

文件内容查找：

|-- | -- | |/word | 从上而下在文件中查找字符串“word”| |？word | 从下而上在文件中查找字符串“word"| |n |定位下一个匹配的被查找字符串| |N |定位上一个匹配的被查找字符串|



三、末行模式的常用操作

1.打开新文件或读入其他文件内容

命令 功能
e 打开新的文件进行编辑
r 在当前文件中读入其他文件内容

2.文件内容替换

命令 功能
：s/old/new 将当前行中查找到的第一个字符“old”串替换为“new”
：s/old/new/g 将当前行中查找到的所有字符串“old”替换为“new”
:#,# s/old/new/g 在行号“#，#”范围内替换所有的字符串“old"为"new”
:% s/old/new/g 在整个文件范围内替换所有的字符串“old”为“new”
:s /old/new/c 在替换命令末尾加入c命令，将对每个替换动作提示用户进行确认。

3.显示行号

命令 作用
：set nu 在编辑器中显示行号
：set nonu 取消编辑器中的行号显示


Summary of Basic vi Commands

Command Meaning
Starting vi
vi filename Open or create file
vi Open new file to be named later
vi-r filename Recover crashed file
viewfilename Open file read-only
Cursor Commands
h Move left one character
j Move down one line
k Move up one line
l Move right one character
w Move right one word
W Move right one word (past punctuation)
b Move left one word
B Move left one word (past punctuation)
e Move to end of current word
Return Move down one line
Backspace Move left one character
Spacebar Move right one character
H Move to top of screen
M Move to middle of screen
L Move to bottom of screen
Ctrl-F Page forward one screen
Ctrl-D Scroll forward one-half screen
Ctrl-B Page backward one screen
Ctrl-U Scroll backward one-half screen
Inserting Characters and Lines
a Insert characters to right of cursor
A Insert characters at end of line
i Insert characters to left of cursor
I Insert characters at beginning of line
o Insert line below cursor
O Insert line above cursor
Changing Text
cw Change word (or part of word) to right of cursor
cc Change line
C Change from cursor to end of line
s Substitute string for character(s) from cursor forward
r Replace character at cursor with one other character
rReturn Break line
J Join current line and line below
xp Transpose character at cursor and character to right
~ Change case of letter (upper or lower)
u Undo previous command
U Undo all changes to current line
:u Undo previous last-line command
Deleting Text
x Delete character at the cursor
X Delete character to the left of the cursor
dw Delete word (or part of word to right of cursor)
dd Delete line containing the cursor
D Delete part of line to right of cursor
dG Delete to end of file
d1G Delete from beginning of file to cursor
:5,10 d Delete lines 5-10
Copying and Moving Text
yy Yank or copy line
Y Yank or copy line
p Put yanked or deleted line below current line
P Put yanked or deleted line above current line
:1,2 co 3 Copy lines 1-2 and put after line 3
:4,5 m 6 Move lines 4-5 and put after line 6
Setting Line Numbers
:set nu Show line numbers
:set nonu Hide line numbers
:set ic Searches should ignore case
:set noic Searches should be case-sensitive
Finding a Line
G Go to last line of file
1G Go to first line of file
21G Go to line 21
Searching and Replacing
/string Search for string
?string Search backward for string
n Find next occurrence of string in search direction
N Find previous occurrence of string in search direction
:g/search/s//replace/g Search and replace
Clearing the Screen
Ctrl-L Clear (refresh) scrambled screen
Inserting a File into a File
:r filename Insert (read) file after cursor
:34r filename Insert file after line 34
Saving and Quitting
:w Save changes (write buffer)
:w filename Write buffer to named file
:wq Save changes and quit vi
ZZ Save changes and quit vi
:q! Quit without saving changes


man vi

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