优化Linux系统中的服务
实验要求
- 设置Linux系统每次开机后自动进入字符模式界面。
- 使用ntsysv工具同时调整2、3、4、5运行级别中的服务状态，关闭下列服务： atd、bluetooth、cups、ip6tables、iptables、mdmonitor、nfslock、rhnsd、rpcgssd、
postfix。
- 使用chkconfig工具调整个别服务的启动状态。
- 将cups服务在运行级别3中的默认启动状态设为关闭。
- 将postfix服务在运行级别3、5中的默认启动状态设为启用其余级别中设为关闭。
- 查看当前系统中内存占用情况，重启并登录到字符模式，再次查看内存占用情况。
- 使用init命令切换到图形模式，再次确认运行级别并查看内存占用情况，比较优化 服务前后及在不同运行级别中的差异。
设置Linux系统每次开机后自动进入字符模式界面。
通过vim /etc/inittab进入这个界面进行修改
使用ntsysv工具同时调整2、3、4、5运行级别中的服务状态，关闭下列服务： atd、bluetooth、cups、ip6tables、iptables、mdmonitor、nfslock、rhnsd、rpcgssd、postfix。
查看改变之前的状态：
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list
NetworkManager 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
abrt-ccpp 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:off5:on6:off
abrtd 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:off5:on6:off
acpid 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
atd 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
auditd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
autofs 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
blk-availability0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
bluetooth 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
certmonger 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
cpuspeed 0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
crond 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
cups 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
dnsmasq0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
firstboot 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
haldaemon 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
ip6tables 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
iptables 0:off1:off2:on3:off4:on5:off6:off
irqbalance 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
kdump 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
lvm2-monitor 0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
mdmonitor 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
messagebus 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
netconsole 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
netfs 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
network0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
nfs0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
nfslock0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
ntpd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
ntpdate0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
oddjobd0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
portreserve0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
postfix0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
psacct 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
quota_nld 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rdisc 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
restorecond0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rngd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rpcbind0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
rpcgssd0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
rpcsvcgssd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rsyslog0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
saslauthd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
smartd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
snmpd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
snmptrapd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
spice-vdagentd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:on6:off
sshd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
sssd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
sysstat0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
udev-post 0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
vmware-tools 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
vmware-tools-thinprint0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
wdaemon0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
webmin 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:off5:on6:off
winbind0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
wpa_supplicant 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
xinetd 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:on5:on6:off
ypbind 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
xinetd based services:
chargen-dgram: off
chargen-stream:off
daytime-dgram: off
daytime-stream:off
discard-dgram: off
discard-stream:off
echo-dgram:off
echo-stream: off
rsync: off
tcpmux-server: off
telnet:on
time-dgram:off
time-stream: off
[root@test2 jason]#
目标服务及状态汇总信息
| service |
Status |
| atd |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
| bluetooth |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
| cups |
0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
| ip6tables |
0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
| iptables |
0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:off 6:off |
| mdmonitor |
0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
| nfslock |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
| rpcsvcgssd |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| postfix |
0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
开始修改
[root@test2 jason]# ntsysv --level 2345
atd
bluetooth
cups
ip6tables
iptables+mdmonitor
nfslock+postfix
修改过程中没有找到rhnsd
修改之后查看信息
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list
NetworkManager 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
abrt-ccpp 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
abrtd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
acpid 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
atd0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
auditd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
autofs 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
blk-availability0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
bluetooth 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
certmonger 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
cpuspeed 0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
crond 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
cups 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
dnsmasq0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
firstboot 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
haldaemon 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
ip6tables 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
iptables 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
irqbalance 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
kdump 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
lvm2-monitor 0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
mdmonitor 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
messagebus 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
netconsole 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
netfs 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
network0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
nfs0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
nfslock0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
ntpd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
ntpdate0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
oddjobd0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
portreserve0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
postfix0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
psacct 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
quota_nld 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rdisc 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
restorecond0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rngd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rpcbind0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
rpcgssd0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rpcsvcgssd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
rsyslog0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
saslauthd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
smartd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
snmpd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
snmptrapd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
spice-vdagentd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
sshd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
sssd 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
sysstat0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
udev-post 0:off1:on2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
vmware-tools 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
vmware-tools-thinprint0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
wdaemon0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
webmin 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
winbind0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
wpa_supplicant 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
xinetd 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
ypbind 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
从这里可以看出来修改是成功的
| service |
Status |
| atd |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| bluetooth |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| cups |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| ip6tables |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| iptables |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| mdmonitor |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| nfslock |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| rpcsvcgssd |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
| postfix |
0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off |
使用chkconfig工具调整个别服务的启动状态。
当前postfix状态：
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list postfix
postfix 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
修改postfix：
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --level 35 postfix on
查看
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list postfix
postfix0:off1:off2:off3:on4:off5:on6:off
postfix在35已经开启
将cups服务在运行级别3中的默认启动状态设为关闭。
查看cups的状态
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list cups
cups 0:off1:off2:off3:off4:off5:off6:off
开启cups level3
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --level 3 cups on
开启后查看
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list cups
cups 0:off1:off2:off3:on4:off5:off6:off
将network服务在运行级别3、5中的默认启动状态设为启用。
当前network的状态
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list network
network0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
关掉
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --level 35 network off
关掉后查看
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list network
network0:off1:off2:on3:off4:on5:off6:off
开启network35
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --level 35 network on
开启后查看
[root@test2 jason]# chkconfig --list network
network0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
查看当前系统中内存占用情况，重启并登录到字符模式，再次查看内存占用情况。
未做任何修改之前
字符界面：
[root@test2 jason]# grep "MemFree" /proc/meminfo
MemFree: 7386376 kB
桌面模式：
修改之后:
字符模式：
[root@test2 jason]# grep "MemFree" /proc/meminfo
MemFree: 7584276 kB
桌面模式：
重启
字符模式：
[root@test2 jason]# grep "MemFree" /proc/meminfo
MemFree: 7703308 kB
[root@test2 jason]#
桌面模式：
